Unlikely Duo: When a friendly character named Hercules is adjacent to Amadeus Cho, they both modify their attack values by +1 if not already modified by this effect.

Time to Calculate Trajectory: Amadeus Cho can use Penetrating/Psychic Blast. When he does, modify his attack and range values by +2 and his damage value becomes 1 and is locked.

7th Smartest in the World: Amadeus Cho can use Outwit. If no friendly character has a power or ability countered, he can also use Probability Control.

What counts as a countered power or ability? For example, what if an opposing character counters the Charge on a Hercules that is friendly to Amadeus... and is then hit and damaged so that Charge is no longer on his dial. Is the power still countered? Can Amadeus now use Probability Control?
The effects of Outwit (the most typical source of countering in the game) last until the beginning of the user's next turn or until it is lost. That's it. So if Outwit is used in a scenario like the one outlined above, Charge is still countered. The green box might not be visible in the speed slot anymore, sure, but if Herc spins his dial again for some reason and green reappears, he still can't use Charge until the opposing character's next turn.

So long as the effect of Outwit is in place, Amadeus can't use Probability Control.