Alright, his ability states:

Cosmic: Remove three cosmic counters from characters you control >>> Remove Silver Surfer from the game. If you do, players skip the combat phase this turn. Use this power only during the build phase.

So I was curious, since the ability is dependant on him having a Cosmic counter, would you be able to use his counter, to fuel it, or do you have to have three seperate Cosmic Counters on people floating around?

Thanks in advance.

Well, I'm assuming you can, as reading the 5 drop one states..

Cosmic: Remove a cosmic counter from Silver Surfer >>> Whenever a character with cost 4 or less becomes stunned this turn, return it to its owner's hand.

Forcing you to take his own counter, to use the Cosmic dependant ability.

Yes Surfer can remove his own counter to fuel 1/3'rd of his effect.

The reason you can do this is that removing the counters is a cost to put an effect on the chain, once the effect is on the chain it doesn't care if surfer has a cosmic counter or not.

Do Cosmic-Surge characters get their counters after the effect resolves?

Well, I just want to be clear that you go straight from the build phase to the recovery phase and not the start of the next turn.

later

You skip the combat phase and go right to the recovery phase. Cosmic-surge characters receive a cosmic counter at the start of the recovery phase so any cosmic-surge characters in play that are not stunned would receive a cosmic counter.

and what about how many cosmic counters are allowed on a single character?

Cosmic and Cosmic-Surge characters can only have one Cosmis Counter at a time.